Symphytum ibericum Steven: LC–HRMS/MS-based phytochemical profile, in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential

Abstract Background Symphytum L. (comfrey, Boraginaceae) has a longstanding use as remedy to alleviate the clinical symptomatology in arthritis, strains, contusions or sprains. In recent years, considerable research efforts were put into assessing chemico-biological profile of unexploited species, with aim extend medicinal valences genus new pharmacological applications. However, date there are no previous comprehensive phytochemical characterization and multi-biological evaluation S. ibericum Steven, perennial Boraginaceae plant distributed Northeastern Turkey Caucasus region. Results Total phenolic flavonoid content extracts obtained from leaves roots varied between 10.53 ± 0.20 84.95 0.60 mg gallic acid equivalents/g 0.81 0.06 20.88 0.29 rutin equivalents/g. The liquid chromatography hyphenated tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS/MS)-based profiling revealed number 29 distinct compounds, such acids (e.g., caffeic acid, rosmarinic globoidnan B, rabdosiin, A), flavonoids quercetin derivatives, luteolin, apigenin), pyrrolizidine alkaloids intermedine– N -oxide, lycopsamine- symphytine- -oxide), organic oxygenated unsaturated fatty acids. antioxidant activity showed potent scavenging against synthetic radicals, cupric ion reducing (37.60 0.15–436.26 7.12 Trolox equivalents/g), ferric (21.01 0.74–229.99 3.86 equivalents/g) chelating capacity; general, leaf displayed superior effects than corresponding root extracts. With respect inhibitory tested on various pharmacologically relevant enzymes, interesting anti-acetylcholinesterase (0.32 0.03–3.32 0.12 galanthamine anti-butyrylcholinesterase (0.88 0.06–5.85 0.16 anti-tyrosinase (21.84 0.21–61.94 2.86 kojic properties noticed. Exploratory multivariate analysis four clusters profile, which one rich danshensu, hexoside, dehydrorabdosiin, dihydrogloboidnan B acetylhexoside. Conclusions As evidenced through evaluation, can be regarded prospective source pharmaceutical cosmeceutical ingredients putative uses management chronic conditions linked oxidative stress, Alzheimer’s disease skin pigmentation disorders. Graphical